Q1 What does the term ‘Upamana’ mean in Indian philosophy?
a) Direct perception
b) Inference
c) Comparison/Analogy
d) Divine revelation
Answer: c) Comparison/Analogy
Q2 Upamana is a significant concept in which of the following philosophies?
a) Nyaya
b) Vedanta
c) Both Nyaya and Vedanta
d) Neither Nyaya nor Vedanta
Answer: a) Nyaya
Q3 Which among these is not a pramana (valid source of knowledge) according to the Nyaya school of philosophy?
a) Pratyaksha
b) Anumana
c) Upamana
d) All of the above are pramanas
Answer: d) All of the above are pramanas
Q4 In the context of Upamana, what does ‘Sadharana Dharma’ refer to?
a) Universal properties
b) Specific properties
c) Divine properties
d) Human properties
Answer: a) Universal properties
Q5 How is knowledge obtained through Upamana, according to the Nyaya school?
a) Direct perception
b) Inference
c) Comparison/Analogy
d) Intuition
Answer: c) Comparison/Analogy
Q6 Which school of Indian philosophy does not accept Upamana as a valid source of knowledge?
a) Nyaya
b) Buddhism
c) Mimamsa
d) Charvaka
Answer: d) Charvaka
Q7 Which of the following best describes the term ‘Jnapti’ in the context of Upamana?
a) Direct Perception
b) Knowledge obtained through comparison
c) Inference
d) Divine Revelation
Answer: b) Knowledge obtained through comparison
Q8 How many types of Upamana are recognized in Nyaya philosophy?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: a) One
Q9 What is the typical example given to explain Upamana in Indian philosophy?
a) The clay-pot example
b) The rope-snake illusion
c) The gavaya-cow example
d) The chariot example
Answer: c) The gavaya-cow example
Q10 According to the Nyaya philosophy, Upamana is significant in acquiring knowledge about what type of objects?
a) Objects already known
b) Unknown objects that resemble known ones
c) Abstract concepts
d) Supernatural entities
Answer: b) Unknown objects that resemble known ones
