1. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the highest concentration of ozone?

a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere

2. What is the primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system?

a) Geothermal heat
b) Solar radiation
c) Tidal forces
d) Volcanic activity

3. The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the environment by:

a) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
b) Phasing out substances that deplete the ozone layer
c) Promoting renewable energy sources
d) Conserving marine ecosystems

4. What term describes the excessive nutrient enrichment of water bodies, leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion?

a) Desertification
b) Eutrophication
c) Salinization
d) Sedimentation

5. Which of the following is a major cause of water scarcity in many regions?

a) Over-extraction of groundwater
b) Increased forest cover
c) Reduced industrial activity
d) Enhanced rainfall patterns

6. What is the term for the process by which fertile land becomes desert due to factors like drought and deforestation?

a) Eutrophication
b) Desertification
c) Urbanization
d) Afforestation

7. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is:

a) Cyclic and bidirectional
b) Unidirectional and non-cyclic
c) Cyclic and unidirectional
d) Bidirectional and non-cyclic

8. Which of the following practices is associated with sustainable agriculture?

a) Excessive use of synthetic pesticides
b) Monoculture farming
c) Crop rotation
d) Over-irrigation

9. What is the primary source of mercury pollution in the environment?

a) Solar panels
b) Coal-fired power plants
c) Wind turbines
d) Hydroelectric dams

10. The term ‘biodiversity hotspot’ refers to a region with:

a) Low species diversity and minimal threat
b) High species diversity and significant threat
c) High species diversity and no threat
d) Low species diversity and significant threat
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