Q1 Assertion: Experiments are the best research design for determining cause-and-effect relationships. Reasoning: Experiments involve manipulating one variable to observe its effect on another while holding all other variables constant. a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion. b) Both assertion and reasoning are true, but…
Read MoreQ1 Assertion: Surveys are an effective tool to gather data from a large population. Reasoning: Surveys can be distributed widely and can reach a large audience in a short period of time. a) Both assertion and reasoning are true, and the reasoning is the correct explanation for the assertion. b) Both assertion and reasoning…
Read MoreQ1 Which method uses existing records or archival data for research purposes? a) Survey research b) Archival research c) Experimental research d) Ethnographic research Answer: b) Archival research Explanation: Archival research involves studying existing records or archival data, like historical documents, to draw conclusions. Q2 In research, a hypothesis that posits no effect or…
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Q1 Which principle dictates that research participants should be informed about the nature of the study and its potential risks and benefits? A) Informed Consent B) Confidentiality C) Nonmaleficence D) Beneficence Answer: A) Informed Consent Explanation: Informed consent is a fundamental ethical principle in research, which requires that participants are fully informed about the…
Read MoreQ1 Which of the following is a threat to internal validity due to events occurring between the first and second measurements in an experiment? a) Maturation b) Testing effect c) History d) Instrumentation Answer: c) History Explanation: The history threat to internal validity refers to external events that occur between measurements that might influence the…
Read MoreQ1 How is ‘Savikalpa’ perception different from ‘Nirvikalpa’ in the context of Pratyaksha Pramana? a) Less clear b) Determinate c) Based on inference d) Past-oriented Answer: b) Determinate Explanation: ‘Savikalpa’ refers to determinate or conceptual perception, where an object is perceived with particularity, categorized, or identified based on its attributes, distinguishing it from ‘Nirvikalpa’…
Read MorePratyaksha Pramana refers to the knowledge perceived directly from the senses. It’s a concept in Indian Epistemology (pramana system) and is recognized as a means of valid knowledge by many Indian philosophical schools, including Nyaya and Yoga. Here are ten multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about Pratyaksha Pramana: Q1 What does ‘Pratyaksha’ in Pratyaksha Pramana literally mean?…
Read MoreQ1 Which of the following best describes “assertive communication”? a) Dominating the conversation b) Expressing thoughts respectfully and confidently c) Avoiding direct eye contact d) Agreeing with others to avoid conflict Answer: b) Expressing thoughts respectfully and confidently Explanation: Assertive communication involves expressing one’s opinions, feelings, beliefs, and desires openly and honestly, while also considering…
Read MoreQ1 Which of the following is NOT a type of non-verbal communication? a) Gestures b) Tone of voice c) E-mail d) Eye contact Answer: c) E-mail Explanation: E-mail is a form of written communication, which is verbal in nature, whereas gestures, tone of voice, and eye contact are examples of non-verbal communication. Q2 Feedback…
Read MoreQ1 In research, when a hypothesis is stated in negative terms, it is referred to as: a) Alternative hypothesis b) Research hypothesis c) Null hypothesis d) Directional hypothesis Answer: c) Null hypothesis Explanation: The null hypothesis typically states that there is no effect or no difference, and it’s often the hypothesis that a researcher aims…
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